Therapeutic Effects of Mutian® Xraphconn on 141 Client-Owned Cats with Feline Infectious Peritonitis Predicted by Total Bilirubin Levels
Bloom Animal Hospital, Kajiyama 1-10-32, Tsurumi, Yokohama City 230-0072, Kanagawa, Japan
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Vet. Sci. 2021, 8(12), 328; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8120328
Received: 21 September 2021 / Revised: 7 December 2021 / Accepted: 10 December 2021 / Published: 13 December 2021
Abstract
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal disease caused by feline coronavirus or its variant, referred to as the FIP virus. Recently, favorable treatment outcomes of the anti-viral drug Mutian Xraphconn (Mutian X) were noted in cats with FIP. Thus, the therapeutic efficacy of Mutian X in cats with FIP must be explored, although the predictors of therapeutic success remain unknown. In the present study, we administered Mutian X to 141 pet cats with effusive FIP following initial veterinarian examinations. Of these, 116 cats survived but the remaining 25 died during treatment. Pre-treatment signalment, viral gene expression, and representative laboratory parameters for routine FIP diagnosis (i.e., hematocrit, albumin-to-globulin ratio, total bilirubin, serum amyloid-A, and α1-acid glycoprotein) were statistically compared between the survivor and non-survivor groups. The majority of these parameters, including hematocrit, albumin-to-globulin ratio, serum amyloid-A, α1-acid glycoprotein, and viral gene expression, were comparable between the two groups. Interestingly, however, total bilirubin levels in the survivor group were significantly lower than those in the non-survivor group (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, in almost all surviving cats with effusive FIP (96.6%, 28/29), the pre-treatment total bilirubin levels were below 0.5 mg/dL; however, the survival rate decreased drastically (14.3%, 1/7) when the pre-treatment total bilirubin levels exceeded 4.0 mg/dL. Thus, circulating total bilirubin levels may act as a prognostic risk factor for severe FIP and may serve as the predictor of the therapeutic efficacy of Mutian X against this fatal disease.